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Plankton play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems primarily as producers of oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. Phytoplankton, the microscopic plant-like organisms in this group, utilize sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process not only supports the plankton themselves but also contributes significantly to the oxygen levels in the water, which is essential for the survival of many aquatic organisms, including fish and other marine life.

In addition to producing oxygen, phytoplankton serves as the foundational component of the food web, supporting a wide array of marine species. The interactions between plankton and other organisms in the ecosystem highlight their importance in maintaining the balance and health of aquatic environments. Their ability to carry out photosynthesis underlines their role as primary producers, converting solar energy into chemical energy that fuels the entire marine food chain.